Ten ways to move a gradient

The shipped background animates background-position, which cannot run on the compositor, so the browser repaints the full document every frame for as long as the tab is open. These are the alternatives. Control first, so there is something to compare against.

Each page carries a frame HUD. Idle readings are worthless — every variant holds 60fps on a desktop. Turn the stress toggle on, or profile with CPU throttling in DevTools, which is the only measurement here that is actually trustworthy.